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Mining in Cornwall - An Overview
Like most other Cornishmen, mining,
and especially tin and copper mining,
means a lot to me. The St. Piran flag is meant to
represent the 'white' tin occuring as veins against the
dark rocks. Mining also played a huge part in the lives
of my ancestors. One group of my forefathers gave up a
reasonable existence as farmers on the Lizard peninsula
and transported their whole family to the tin and copper-rich areas around Camborne in the
mid-1840's. Others caught 'Gold Rush Fever'
and went to California in 1849.
Around 1907-08, my great-grandfather went to South
Africa to work in the gold mines around Johannesburg and an uncle emigrated there to 'seek his fortune' in the 1950's.
I wanted to continue this tradition and was lucky enough to have spent some time at the world-reknowned
Camborne School Of Mines. Here I learnt
that mining in Cornwall dates back to between 1000 and
2000 B.C. when Cornwall is thought to have been visited by metal traders from the eastern Mediterranean. They even named Britain as the 'Cassiterides'
- 'Tin Islands'. Cornwall along with
the far west of Devon provided the vast majority of the
United Kingdom's tin and arsenic and
most of its copper.
Initially the tin was found as alluvial
deposits in the gravels of stream beds, but before long
some sort of underground working took place. In fact,
where the tin lodes outcropped on the cliffs underground
mines sprung up as early as the 16th century.
There are
eleven main metalliferous areas in Cornwall. A section dedicated to each area has been set up to complement the successful World Heritage Site Bid of 14th July 2006. Cornwall in Focus are currently visiting these areas taking photographs and researching information in order to set up a comprehensive Mining Database for each district. At present there are over 80 dedicated pages to the major mines of Cornwall. Click on the hyperlinks to be re-directed.
The areas in question are: Penwith and St. Ives;
Camborne, Redruth & Illogan and St. Agnes; and the Wendron area
in the west; Gwennap and the Carnon Valley in mid Cornwall and a large area bounded by St. Austell, and Wadebridge to the Caradon Mining District and Tamar Valley Mining District centred on Callington, Calstock and Gunnislake in the east.
A taste of what it was like
can be found at Geevor Mine at Pendeen; On film at the BBC's Nation on Film and also in the excellent
Mining in Cornwall Series by J.H.
Trounson & L.J. Bullen. What an epitaph to the
thousands of men, women and children who toiled long
hours in the 19th/20th centuries to 'win' that tin in the
first place!. Can it still be said
that: At the bottom of every hole in the ground in the
world there is a Cornishman'?
There are still several industrial relics left from the heyday of mining and the Mineral Tramways Project aims to provide a network of multi-use trails - such as the Great Flat Lode trail and the Coast to Coast trail - for recreation and interested members of the public. Why not learn more by turning up to one of the many events of the Mineral Tramways Festival between 4th and 12th of August 2007.
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